The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things sensing, and particularly relates to a building identification system and method based on satellite positioning and a WiFi module. The system comprises a satellite positioning module, a core control module with calculation and storage functions, and the WiFi module. The method comprises the main steps of using the satellite positioning module to obtain the latitude, longitude, altitude and other position data of the system, using the WiFi module to obtain the signal of the wireless router in the building, calculating the detected latitude, longitude and altitude of the wireless router through the signal strength, and then using the calculated location distribution data of the wireless router to establish the characteristicsof the building for storage. When the system detects again, comparison and determination can be carried out based on the stored characteristic data of the building to identify the building. The position distribution data of the wireless router in the building is calculated by the satellite positioning and WiFi module as the characteristics of the building, thereby realizing the identification ofthe mobile Internet of Things equipment on buildings.