The invention relates to a power transmission equipment ultraviolet image preprocessing and quantization parameter extraction method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting an ultraviolet image output by ultraviolet imaging, carrying out binary transformation on the ultraviolet image, carrying out mathematical morphology filtering, carrying out small region elimination, carrying outmulti-region boundary tracking and extracting quantization parameters. According to the method, the shadow noise and the discharge characteristics can be effectively distinguished, the accuracy of characteristic extraction is improved, the method has the advantages of high resolution, high precision and the like, the discharge intensity of each discharge point can be better quantified, and a basisis provided for further research.