The invention discloses a monitoring system of a scraper machine chain tension. The monitoring system comprises an industrial camera, an image processing module, a signal conditioning module, an industrial control computer and a scraper chain tension adjusting system, wherein the industrial camera is arranged on the side surface of a machine head sprocket of the directly facing scraper machine; the industrial camera is in signal connection with the image processing module, the captured image signal is sent to the image processing module in real time, the image processing module extracts an included angle between the center line of the scraper chain engaged on the sprocket and the extension line in the horizontal direction of the meshing position according to the image information, and sends the signal to the industrial control computer after the signal is converted into an electric signal through the signal conditioning module; and the industrial control computer adjusts the tension ofthe scraper chain tension in real time according to a control signal of the preset system output driving scraper chain tension adjusting system until a preset value is reached. According to the monitoring system, the chain tension of the heavy-load scraper conveyor can be adjusted online and adjusted in real time, normal operation of the scraper conveyor is not affected, and the working efficiency is improved.