The invention discloses a remote sensing-based ocean oil spill detection device. The detection device comprises a remote sensing system, wherein the remote sensing system comprises a calculation unit,an input end of the calculation unit is electrically connected with an output end of a data receiving unit through a lead, the input end of the data receiving unit is electrically connected with theoutput end of an oil film identification and extraction unit through a lead, the oil spill can be monitored by utilizing the reflection or radiation difference of the oil spill and seawater in different electromagnetic wave bands, and the difference is represented as gray value on an image; the oil film and the seawater can be effectively distinguished, the type and time of the leaked oil can be deduced according to the spectral absorption characteristic difference of the oil films of different oil types and different periods, the oil spill information extraction based on the spectral characteristics of ground objects is realized, the damage on the ocean ecological environment by the oil spill is reduced; and meanwhile, the remote sensing data can be encrypted and stored, thereby preventing a situation that the subsequent normal detection work is influenced by the browsing and modification of the irrelevant personnel.