The invention discloses asphalt pavement pit slot repairing capsules and a preparation and construction method thereof. The asphalt pavement pit slot repairing capsules are obtained by taking a material which is easy to crack at high temperature as a shell, and a mixture of asphalt and a heating medium as a core, and wrapping with an aggregate; the raw materials comprise in percentage by mass: 7%-12% of road petroleum asphalt, 7%-12% of the heating medium, 15%-40% of alginate-calcium chloride polymer and 40%-60% of the aggregate. An obtained asphalt mixture is encapsulated and transported in bagged forms, so that the energy consumption of the hot-mixed asphalt mixture in the transportation process is reduced, and meanwhile, the problem of poor storage stability of the hot-mixed asphalt mixture is effectively solved. Besides, by means of the construction method for conducting microwave or electromagnetic heating repairing on pit slots in asphalt concrete pavements through the repairingcapsules in combination with induction heating technology, on the premise that the pavement and mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete pavement are not reduced, rapid repair and preventive maintenance of asphalt concrete pavements can be achieved, the economical efficiency is good, and the use performance of the asphalt pavements is improved.