The invention discloses a detection method of a self-powered sensor. The detection method comprises the following steps: a universal input/output port of a microprocessor receives a signal, wherein the universal input/output port is directly connected with a signal output end of the self-powered sensor; the microprocessor determines whether to be triggered and interrupted according to the receivedsignal; and the microprocessor determines that the received signal is the signal output by a signal output end if so. The invention further discloses a detection system of the self-powered sensor. According to the invention, a weak electric signal of the self-powered sensor is detected by interruption of the microprocessor, a detection signal of the self-powered sensor can be detected without expensive professional detection equipment or various external signal amplification circuits, so a detection circuit of the self-powered sensor is effectively simplified, and the practicability of the self-powered sensor is improved.