The invention provides a multi-unmanned-boat distributed formation reconstruction formation control method, which adds a decomposition behavior, introduces a target function, and establishes an assignment problem mathematical model, so that a task target of converting to a rated demand formation is realized. According to the multi-unmanned-boat distributed formation reconstruction formation control method, the decomposition behavior is added, the assignment problem mathematic model is established and the objective function is introduced, so that the task requirement of changing to the rated formation is met while the total path of formation changing navigation of the team is the shortest. The multi-unmanned-boat distributed formation reconstruction formation control method can consider both efficiency and performance at the same time, and the mathematical model integrating four behaviors can enable the multiple unmanned boats to complete more kinds of tasks, so that the multi-unmanned-boat distributed formation reconstruction formation control method is widely applied to multi-unmanned-boat formation.