The invention discloses a steel wire rope damping shock absorption expansion joint and a bridge. The steel wire rope damping shock absorption expansion joint comprises a steel wire rope damper and twosymmetrically-arranged anchoring structures, the steel wire rope damper is fixed between the two anchoring structures, and side longitudinal beams are arranged at the top edges of the opposite sidesof the two anchoring structures. A waterproof structure is arranged between the two side longitudinal beams, and the steel wire rope damper and the side longitudinal beams are both parallel to the side walls of the anchoring structures. The steel wire rope damper is adopted as an energy dissipation component, so that the expansion joint has the energy dissipation and shock absorption functions, and the structure is simple. The telescopic function is achieved through the stretching out and drawing back operations of a diagonal bracing supporting system, the displacement requirement of an engineering structure during the temperature changing process is met, the movement is more flexible, the structure is novel, and the installation and maintenance are both extremely convenient.