The invention discloses a tunnel middle section energy-saving illumination control method and system based on vehicle position monitoring. The control method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, a vehicle information collection unit monitors vehicle information in an area, collects type, speed and position information and uploads the information to a control center; 2, the control centercalculates vehicle information and formulates lighting schemes for different positions to form a dimming instruction; 3, a dimming control center receives the dimming instruction and issues specificdimming level and loop information; 4, a dimming controller receives the corresponding instruction, converts the instruction into a corresponding pulse signal and adjusts the brightness level of the corresponding lamp, and control over illumination is achieved; the control system comprises the vehicle information collection unit, the control center, the dimming control center, the dimming controller and the illuminating lamp. On the premise of ensuring the driving safety of the tunnel, the pertinence and accuracy of illumination are improved, and the purpose of fully saving energy is achieved.