The invention discloses a boiler heating surface simulation experiment device. The boiler heating surface simulation experiment device comprises an air powder supply system, a combustion cylinder, anignition source, a water cooling wall pipe, a cooling system and a temperature measuring system, wherein the air powder supply system is used for providing air powder mixtures with different concentrations; the combustion cylinder comprises a combustion chamber communicated with the air powder supply system; the ignition source is used for igniting the air powder mixtures, and the ignited air powder mixtures are combusted in the combustion chamber; the water cooling wall pipe is arranged in the combustion chamber and comprises a pipe wall and a pipe cavity which is formed in the pipe wall andused for medium flowing; the cooling system is communicated with the pipe cavity of the water cooling wall pipe in a sealed mode and used for providing cooling media for the pipe cavity; the temperature measuring system comprises a first temperature measuring device used for measuring the wall surface temperature of the pipe wall and a second temperature measuring device used for measuring the smoke temperature in the combustion chamber. The boiler heating surface simulation experiment device can simulate the process of pulverized coal combustion in a boiler hearth and the acting process on aboiler heating surface, and therefore the high-temperature corrosion and slagging mechanism of pipes of the boiler heating surface can be studied.