The invention provides a one-hole multipoint type stress and displacement monitoring system based on fiber grating measurement, and relates to the technical field of roadway monitoring early warning.The one-hole multipoint type stress and displacement monitoring system based on fiber grating measurement comprises a stress detector, a displacement meter, a data demodulator, a data acquisition analysis system and an optical cable, wherein the stress detector comprises a pressure-bearing package body, a rigid connection rod, a mounting plug, an oil tube, a pressure grating sensor and a pigtail;the displacement meter comprises an anchor fluke, a steel wire rope, a protective sleeve, a protective cover and the pigtail, and a displacement grating sensor is arranged in the protective cover; thedata demodulator comprises a grating adjusting module, a photoelectric conversion module and a grating sensor interface; the data acquisition analysis system comprises a data acquisition module and adata analysis module; and the one-hole multipoint fiber grating stress detector and the displacement meter are mounted in a coal body through drilling, and thus, the system provided by the inventioncan monitor mining stress and internal displacement of two sides of the roadway in real time according to variation of grating center wavelength data, and can realize real-time early warning of roadway impact ground pressure danger based on stress and displacement data analysis.