The invention relates to a passive residual heat removal system for a high-temperature heat pipe reactor, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear power station safety systems. The system comprises a passive residual heat removal heat exchanger, high-temperature heat pipes, a transverse partition plate and ascending channels, wherein the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger is a cylindrical heat exchanger, is arranged inside a pressure vessel and at the upper part of a reactor core, and can be arranged at the upper part or the lower part of a main heat exchanger, the plurality ofhigh-temperature heat pipes are arranged inside the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger, the transverse partition plate divides the inside of the passive residual heat removal heat exchangerinto an upper layer and a lower layer, and the ascending channels are connected with the top of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger. The system realizes passive residual heat removal of the high-temperature heat pipe reactor, the high-temperature heat pipes are used as heat transfer pipes of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger, the reactor core decay heat is brought intothe environment by means of two-phase natural circulation in the high-temperature heat pipes and natural circulation of a working medium in the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger under the accident condition, and thereby the long-term cooling of a reactor is realized.