The invention relates to an automatic bolt opening-and-closing device and method of a coke pusher, and belongs to the technical field of coke oven coke pushers. According to the technical scheme, theautomatic bolt opening-and-closing device of the coke pusher comprises a bolt closing mechanism (1), a bolt opening mechanism (2), a bolt (7), and a door frame (10); the opening direction of one of two bolt clamping grooves faces upwards, and the other faces downward; two ends of the bolt (7) are separately clamped on the two bolt clamping grooves; one end of a door opening actuating rod (26) of the bolt opening mechanism (2) is rotatably connected to the door frame (10) through a pin, and the other end of the door opening actuating rod (26) acts on the bolt (7) with the opening direction of the bolt clamping groove facing upwards; the middle of a door closing actuating rod (17) of the bolt closing mechanism (1) is rotatably connected to the door frame (10) through a pin; and one end of the door closing actuating rod (17) acts on the bolt (7) with the opening direction of the bolt clamping groove facing downwards. The automatic bolt opening-and-closing device and method of the coke pusher have the beneficial effects that a door taking machine can be used for automatically opening or closing the bolt during the process of door taking and door hanging.