The invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle GPS module BCI electromagnetic effect equivalent substitution test system and method. The system comprises a GPS enhanced forwarding device which comprises a first GPS receiving antenna and a GPS signal enhancer which are connected in sequence and located outside a shielding chamber and a GPS transmitting antenna located inside the shielding chamber. The system further comprises a BCI testing device which comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, an injection probe, a monitoring probe, a power meter and a second GPS receiving antenna which are all located in the shielding chamber, the signal generator, the power amplifier, the directional coupler, the injection probe, a to-be-tested unmanned aerial vehicle GPSmodule and the monitoring probe are connected in sequence, the power amplifier, the directional coupler, the injection probe and the monitoring probe are further connected with the power meter, the to-be-tested unmanned aerial vehicle GPS module is further connected with the second GPS receiving antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle flight control module, the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control module is connected with a PC terminal, and the second GPS receiving antenna is used for receiving a GPS signal of the GPS transmitting antenna.