The invention discloses a safety construction method for digging a shield shaft and vertical shaft deep foundation pit. The construction method includes the steps of arranging an earthwork and steel support operation team to enter a field to perform earthwork digging and steel support erecting after the constructing of fender posts, a precipitation well, crown beams and a first concrete support iscompleted, wherein earthwork digging, steel support erecting and intra-pile net concrete spraying are synchronously performed from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the digging depth of each layer of earthwork in the vertical direction is 1.5 m; and performing net concrete spraying construction immediately after earthwork digging is started, and erecting steel supports in time and exerting prestress when the earthwork digging is performed to the position 0.5 m below each steel support. By means of the safety construction method for digging the shield shaft and vertical shaft deep foundation pit, the settlement of a soil body and the deformation of the foundation pit are strictly controlled in the construction process, the no-water operation in the construction process of a water-rich silty-fine sand layer is ensured, and construction safety is ensured.