The invention discloses a combined nephroscope which comprises a core nephroscope and an expander for visual expansion. The core nephroscope comprises a photographing system, a light source system anda first passage, and the expander is used for being sleeve-fitted with the core nephroscope for visual expansion and comprises an expander inner core and an expander outer sheath. By adopting the combined nephroscope, blind expansion in conventional art is completely avoided, and inserting depth of the expander and the core nephroscope can be observed visually, so that the combined nephroscope isenabled to accurately reach a calculous position in a kidney without going too shallow or too deep. Massive hemorrhage caused by damage to blood vessels of a patient is avoided completely, perforation is avoided, suffering of the patient is relieved, bodily damage to the patient is reduced, and the combined nephroscope is short in operative time, leads to little hemorrhage, small wound and quickrecovery of the patient and can be widely used in various kidney stone operations.