The invention discloses a rosin-based anionic macroporous adsorption resin and a preparation method thereof. The rosin-based anionic macroporous adsorption resin is prepared from dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate used as a monomer and ethylene glycol acrylpimarate acrylate used as a cross-linking agent through a suspension polymerization method. The rosin-based anion macroporous adsorption resin isa spherical porous material with an average pore diameter of 10-35 nm and a specific surface area of 10-20 m<2>/g. The rosin-based anionic macroporous adsorption resin has the advantages of no toxicity, environment friendliness, uniform particles and the like; and a functional group of the resin is of a quaternary ammonium base type anion structure, so the resin has unique advantages in separationof substances with negative charges, can be used for removing dyes, DSD acid and other substances in industrial wastewater, and has a good separation effect on caramel pigments, hexose pigments and other pigments with negative charges in food.