The invention discloses a self-adaptive drawing file segmentation method based on graphic characteristics and galvanometer machining characteristics. The method comprises: dividing drawing files to bemachined into a plurality of groups according to graphic intervals, density and galvanometer machining characteristics; carrying out grid segmentation on each group of grouped graphs; and each segmented region after segmentation is adjusted, so that the graph in each segmented region is located in the center of the galvanometer, and the region with poor galvanometer precision is prevented from being used for processing. According to the method, the whole drawing file is segmented by analyzing the pattern interval and the pattern density, the segmented area is adjusted and optimized, on the premise that the galvanometer machining precision is guaranteed, the moving frequency of the motion platform is reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved.