The invention discloses the method for preparation of nanometer calcium carbonate/polyphenylacetylene composite material. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out pretreatment to nanometer calcium carbonate paste with surface processing agent possessing polymerization reaction activity; then polymerizing the nanometer calcium carbonate, surface processing agent, styrene monomer and alcohol in aqueous phase, and getting the nanometer calcium carbonate/polyphenylacetylene core-shell particle, then dispersing core-shell particle in styrene monomer to form dispersion, adding initiating agent into dispersion, carrying out free radical type bulk polymerization reaction and getting the nanometer calcium carbonate/polyphenylacetylene composite material. Compared with polyphenylacetylene composite material, the impact property of the said composite material is improved highly. And the industry preparing method of the said composite material is the same as polyphenylacetylene's, so the method has high industrialization worth.