The utility model provides a fireproof material lining structure of hearth and bottom of a blast furnace, belonging to the technical field of blast furnace equipment; the lining structure is applicable to the lining of hearth and bottom of the large blast furnace and is built by high heat-conducting massive carbon blocks, micro-porous massive carbon blocks, UCAR hot-pressing small carbon blocks and corundum-mullite blocks. The lining structure is characterized in that the furnace bottom is completed paved by the high heat-conducting massive carbon blocks on which the micro-porous massive carbon blocks are paved; the central area of the upper-most part is paved by the corundum-mullite blocks; the UCAR hot-pressing small carbon blocks are built at the peripheric area of the furnace hearth; and the upper part of the furnace hearth is sealed by the combination blocks and the lower part thereof is built circularly by the micro-porous massive carbon bricks. The lining structure has the advantages that the combination lining of hearth and bottom integrates the heat conduction method and the fireproof material method into a whole body and meets the requirement of long service life of the blast furnace; the predicted service life is more than 15 years; and therefore, fireproof material lining structure has high values for generalization and application.