A special jig is used for abrading gauge blocks, and comprises a jig body and fastening screws, wherein the jig body is of a square frame shape, screw holes for the fastening screws are formed on a pair of opposite sides of the jig body, and the fastening screws are mounted in the screw holes. The special jig for abrading the gauge blocks has the advantages that the gauge blocks are placed in the square-frame-shaped jig body, and fixed by a pair of the fastening screws, the jig body is held by both hands to abrade the gauge blocks, the abrasion of the gauge blocks are influenced less by the temperature, and the accuracy of measurement are increased. The utility model also has the advantages that the special jig for abrading the gauge blocks has a larger size relative to the gauge blocks, and is convenient and stable to be held by both hands, the abrasion effect is high, and the abrasion time is reduced.