The utility model relates to an identification apparatus, discloses an apparatus for judging the strand channel of the railway engine, including a RFID card reader card reader directional antenna and an RFID card, the RFID card is connected to the vehicular computer or embedded processor system; the vehicular computer or embedded processor system, the RFID card number data is prestored in the vehicular computer or embedded processor system; the directional antenna of the card reader is mounted at the bottom of the railway, the direction of the antenna major lobe faces to the vehicle lower rail; the RFID card includes a first group and a second group, the first group of RFID cards are arranged on the entry end of the strand channel required to judge, the second group of the RFID cards are arranged on the exit end of the strand channel required to judge, the space length of the adjacent two RFID cards is larger than the distance of two RFID cards that the card reader can simultaneously scan. The utility model adopts RFID technology to judge the railway engine entering and outing strand channels, so that the reliability of the judgement criterion is improved, and has simple structure, convenient production, easy mounting and operations, low cost and good use effect.