The utility model discloses a system for polishing a surface of an inner hole of a shaft sleeve. The system comprises a boring rod, a gas transforming device, a telescopic device and a pneumatic device, wherein the boring rod extends into the shaft sleeve; the pneumatic device is connected with the telescopic device; the gas transforming device is communicated with the pneumatic device through a gas pipe; a grinding wheel is arranged on the pneumatic device; the grinding wheel is in contact with the surface of the inner hole of the shaft sleeve; the boring rod penetrates through the gas transforming device and the telescopic device; the gas transforming device at least comprises an inner core and an outer shell which are sleeved movably; and the inner core of the gas transforming device and the boring rod operate synchronously. By adopting the utility model, the smoothness of the surface of the inner hole of the shaft sleeve can be improved.