The utility model relates to a fastening device used for urban rail transit, which belongs to the technical field of urban rail transit transportation. In order to improve the elasticity of the fastener system inside the rail system, the fastening device comprises an elastic backing plate arranged between a rigid backing plate and a rail sleeper, a distance-adjusting buckle plate mounted to the rigid backing plate and embedded on the inner contact surface of a stud bolt, and a multi-layer elastic gasket embedded on the stud bolt and positioned between the rigid backing plate and a screw nut. The technical scheme that the elastic backing plate made of highly-elastic material is arranged at the lower end of the rigid backing plate can improve the elasticity of the rail line, take the effect of reducing vibration and noise, prolong the service life of the rail and reduce the workload of maintenance and repair. The cooperative arrangement of the multi-layer elastic gasket in the position of the anchor bolt can increase the energy storage capacity and maintain the fastening force of the bolt in case of high compression amount of the backing plates. The distance-adjusting buckle plate is adopted to protect the bolt and provide a certain range of distance adjustment.