The utility model relates to a rotary vane swing type engine. Both ends of an engine shell 1 are closed by baffles 2; a rotary vane shaft 3 and a rotary vane 4 thereof are arranged in the engine shell 1; both ends of the rotary vane shaft are supported on the baffles of the shell and are in movable fit with the baffles in a seal way, and one end of the rotary vane shaft extends out of the baffle of the shell; the peripheries of the rotary vane are respectively in movable fit with the engine shell and the inner walls of the baffles of the engine shell in the seal way; a partition plate 5 is inwards arranged in the engine shell; the peripheries of the partition plate 5 are respectively and fixedly connected with the engine shell and the inner walls of the baffles of the engine shell and are in movable fit with the rotary vane shaft in the seal way; both sides of the partition plate 5 are respectively provided with an air inlet valve 6, an air escape valve 7 and a spark plug 8. On the basis, at least two shells can be connected in series. As the scheme is adopted, two working cavities (air cylinders) can be formed in one shell of the engine and simultaneously work; the power can be two times the power of the traditional engine with the same cylinder number as the rotary vane swing type engine, and moreover, an intermediate transmission device can be reduced or removed, thereby, the size, the weight and the power consumption of the engine are reduced, and self-maintenance running can also be realized.