The utility model discloses an automatic reeling and unreeling device for an explosion-proof cable drum. The device comprises a cable drum hydraulic motor, and an oil supplying pipe and an oil returning pipe of the cable drum hydraulic motor, wherein an overflowing control system is arranged between the oil supplying pipe and the oil returning pipe and comprises a hydraulic pressure controlled reversing valve and a one-way valve which is arranged on the oil supplying pipe, an oil inlet side of the one-way valve is provided with a reeling control oil path and an oil releasing path which are connected with the oil returning pipe, the reeling control oil path is provided with a high-pressure overflowing valve, an oil outlet side of the one-way valve is provided with an unreeling control oil path which is connected with the oil turning pipe, the unreeling control oil path is provided with a low-pressure overflowing valve, the reeling control oil path is connected at a reeling control position of the hydraulic pressure controlled reversing valve, the oil releasing path and the unreeling control oil path are connected at an unreeling control position of the hydraulic pressure controlled reversing valve, and an oil inlet of the hydraulic pressure controlled reversing valve, which is used for controlling reversing is connected with the oil outlet side of the one-way valve. The automatic reeling and unreeling device can realize automatic reeling and unreeling of cables, automatic pressure relief, shock absorption and overloading protection, and can effectively increase running distance of the device, increase the running speed of the device and improve the working efficiency of the device.