The utility model provides a numerical control lathe with a pneumatic tailstock, comprising a lathe body, a movable tip, a tailstock body, an air cylinder, an air pipe, a switch and a fixed tip. The numerical control lathe is characterized in that: the air cylinder is connected with the tailstock body through a connecting device; and the switch is used for controlling the tailstock body to abut against and loosen a work piece. According to the numerical control lathe with the pneumatic tailstock, the machining efficiency and the machining precision are improved, production and use costs are reduced and economic benefits are created.