The utility model discloses an adaptive trolley device supported by shaft rollers without a roller chain, and belongs to the technical field of repairing and manufacturing for ships and marine engineering equipment. The trolley device comprises an isosceles triangle guide rail and a shaft roller row consisting of a plurality of shaft rollers; the isosceles triangle guide rail is arranged in a frame through elongated slots formed on two side panels; roll shafts at the ends of each shaft roller are respectively arranged in sliding slots of the two side panels; and the outer cylindrical surface of each shaft roller contacts the surface of the isosceles triangle guide rail in a rolling manner. The trolley device has the characteristics of high bearing capacity, adaptive deviation correction and displacement, simple mechanism, low manufacturing cost, convenience in operation, no maintenance, high working reliability and the like. Due to the application of the trolley device, the modern progress of a ship manufacturing mode is promoted, the technical level of a construction process is increased, the capacity for manufacturing the ships and the marine equipment is improved, and the production period is shortened; and the adaptive trolley device has economical and social benefits.