The utility model discloses a device for simultaneously assembling or disassembling steel rails on both sides of a railway track. The device comprises a railway platform wagon, an installation bottom rack, a generator set and a control cabinet, wherein the installation bottom rack is arranged on the railway platform wagon; the generator set and the control cabinet are arranged on the installation bottom rack; the installation bottom rack is further provided with a vertical fixing post; a horizontal walking beam and a rotary driving mechanism are arranged on the fixing post; the rotary driving mechanism controls the walking beam to rotate around the fixing post; the middle part of the walking beam is rotationally connected with a fixed support post; and two electric hoists capable of sliding along the walking beam are hung on the walking beam, and are arranged on both sides of the fixed post respectively. According to the technical scheme, during the work, the rotary driving mechanism is manipulated to rotate the waling beam to a work position, and the walking beam is perpendicular to the railway track; the electric hoists on both sides can simultaneously assemble and disassemble the steel rack; the structure is compact, and convenience is provided for use and maintenance; and four electric hoists can simultaneously assemble and disassemble the steel tracks on both sides of the track, so that the work efficiency is doubled.