The utility model discloses a portable trace detection hyperspectral imager. The portable trace detection hyperspectral imager comprises a main unit shell, an X ray machine assembly arranged in the main unit shell, a processor, a power module and an objective lens arranged outside the main unit shell; the X ray machine assembly comprises a relay lens front assembly, a liquid crystal tunable optical filter, a relay lens rear assembly, and an array type solid detector which are sequentially connected; the objective lens is connected with the relay lens front assembly; the processor is connected with the liquid crystal tunable optical filter, the array type solid detector and the power module respectively; optical axes of the relay lens front assembly, the relay lens rear assembly, and the objective lens are coincided; and the center of the liquid crystal tunable optical filter is positioned on the optical axis, and the liquid crystal tunable optical filter is perpendicular to the optical axis. The portable trace detection hyperspectral imager can output a display result in real time, and has the advantages of real time performance, small size, convenience in carrying, high flexibility and capacity of not damaging materials to be detected.