The utility model provides an electric pneumatic braking system capable of adjusting braking force variation characteristics of a rail traffic vehicle. The electric pneumatic braking system capable of adjusting the braking force variation characteristics of the rail traffic vehicle comprises a relay valve, an air charging magnetic valve, an air exhaust magnetic valve, a power drive module and a microcontroller, wherein the relay valve outputs the brake cylinder pressure to a brake cylinder of a train according to the received pre-control pressure, the air charging magnetic valve and the air exhaust magnetic valve are connected with the relay valve and output the pre-control pressure to the relay valve, the power drive module is connected with the air charging magnetic valve and the air exhaust magnetic valve, and the microprocessor directly or indirectly receives a braking order, adjusts the target value of the pre-control pressure according to an optimized braking force control strategy, is connected with the power drive module, and drives the air charging magnetic valve and the air exhaust magnetic valve by means of the power drive module so as to control the pre-control pressure. The electric pneumatic braking system can effectively improve the precision, the accuracy, the response speed of a braking system and shorten idling braking time.