The utility model relates to a robot destacking and palletizing system, and discloses a robot system with a turnover box recognition function. The robot system comprises a turnover box conveying line, a robot and a fixture, wherein the robot is disposed on the side face of the turnover box conveying line, the fixture is connected onto a mechanical arm of the robot, the side face of the fixture is equipped with a scanner used for recognizing position coordinates of a turnover box, the bottom of the fixture is equipped with four probe devices, and a plurality of grooves are disposed on the turnover box corresponding to the probe devices and are used for the probe devices to detect the positive and negative directions of the turnover box and the height of the turnover box. With addition of the probe devices in the robot fixture, specific positions of the turnover box is recognized, and thus the size, the mode and the positive and negative directions of the turnover box are determined.