The utility model discloses a data acquisition and transmission device for binocular camera calibration. The device comprises a calibration template display unit and a calibration data acquisition and transmission unit, wherein the calibration template display unit comprises a first microcontroller module and a first power supply module as well as a first ZigBee wireless communication module, a digital cloud platform and a liquid crystal display which are connected with the first microcontroller module; the liquid crystal display is arranged on the digital cloud platform; the calibration data acquisition and transmission unit comprises a second microcontroller module and a second power supply module as well as a first WiFi wireless communication module, a second ZigBee wireless communication module and a serial port communication module which are connected with the second microcontroller module; a second WiFi wireless communication module is connected onto a binocular camera to be calibrated. The data acquisition and transmission device is reasonable in design and convenient to use and operate, is beneficial to improvement of calibration efficiency and calibration accuracy of the binocular camera, can be used for improving the working efficiency and reducing the production cost, and is high in practicality and high in popularization and application value.