The utility model discloses a large-scale model test device for simulating deep vertical well freezing. The large-scale model test device comprises a model test tube, a slurry loading system, a hydraulic system, a digging simulation system, a refrigeration system, a monitoring system and a data collection and control system, wherein the digging simulation system is positioned in a soil sample, the soil sample is positioned in the model test tube, the slurry loading system, the hydraulic system and the data collection and control system are respectively positioned outside the model test tube, a part of monitoring end of the monitoring system is buried in the soil sample, the other part of monitoring end is positioned in the digging simulation system, the output end of the monitoring system is connected with the input end of the data collection and control system, the hydraulic system provides hydraulic driving force for the digging simulation system, a slurry outlet of the slurry loading system is in fluid communication with a cavity formed between the inner wall of the model test tube and the soil sample, and the refrigeration system provides circulation low temperature liquid for the soil sample freezing. When the large-scale model test device for simulating deep vertical well freezing is used in experiments, the formation of freezing walls in the deep vertical well freezing process and the well upper displacement change conditions during the well tube digging can be really reflected.