The utility model provides an internal-combustion locomotive cardan shaft installation adjustment device, and belongs to the technical field of combination machining. According to the technical scheme, the internal-combustion locomotive cardan shaft installation adjustment device comprises a height adjustment device and a transverse positioning device. The height adjustment device comprises a sliding base, a supporting tile, a vertical threaded rod and a height adjustment nut matched with the vertical threaded rod, wherein the sliding base is arranged on an end beam of a locomotive bogie, a vertical hole is formed in the upper portion of the sliding base, the lower end of the vertical threaded rod is arranged in the vertical hole of the sliding base in a loosely sleeved mode, the supporting tile is fixed to the upper end of the vertical threaded rod, the height adjustment nut is screwed on the vertical threaded rod, the lower end face of the height adjustment nut is attached to the sliding base, and a rotating handle is arranged on the side portion of the adjustment nut. According to the internal-combustion locomotive cardan shaft installation adjustment device, the height adjustment device composed of the threaded rod and the nut and the transverse positioning device are used for positioning a cardan shaft, and the internal-combustion locomotive cardan shaft installation adjustment device has the advantages of being simple and reasonable in structure, convenient and safe to operate, high in work efficiency and the like, and can effectively reduce the labor intensity of a maintainer and eliminate accident potential.