The utility model discloses an automatic deviation rectifying device for a short-distance conveyor belt of a dry magnetic separator. The automatic deviation rectifying device comprises a main shaft which is fixed on shaft seats at two ends, wherein the outer side of the main shaft is sequentially provided with an inner barrel and an outer barrel; a spiral groove is formed in the surface of the outer barrel; the inner wall of the inner barrel is connected with the main shaft through a spring; pin shafts are arranged at the end parts of the main shaft and the inner barrel; a self-aligning bearing is arranged between the inner barrel and the outer barrel; two ends of the outer barrel are respectively provided with flange ribs. The automatic deviation rectifying device is matched with the dry magnetic separator, and is capable of automatically rectifying the deviation and automatically cleaning the conveyor belt.