The utility model discloses a breaker state monitoring device based on Beidou satellite communication, comprising a one-chip microcomputer, an off-chip reservoir, a power source, a Beidou terminating machine and a breaker detection apparatus. The one-chip microcomputer is in connection with the Beidou terminating machine and the breaker detection apparatus through RS-485 serial port circuits; the power source and the off-chip reservoir are in connection with the one-chip microcomputer through bidirectional serial ports; a chip MAX813L is arranged between the power source and the one-chip microcomputer. The one-chip microcomputer, the off-chip reservoir, the power source, the Beidou terminating machine, the breaker detection apparatus and the RS-485 serial port circuits all employ independent modular packaging. The one-chip microcomputer is in a dsPIC30F6014 model and is in connection with two UART interfaces, two SPI interfaces, one I2C interface and two CAN bus interfaces. The utility model employs the Beidou satellite communication technology to monitor mutual inductors in an unattended rural power grid breaker substation, has the characteristics of data collection and transmission of multi Baud rates and realizes mutual inductor state monitoring with low cost.