The utility model belongs to the field of slope and bank slope protection engineering. The utility model discloses an anti-seepage and anti-freezing protection structure for a bank slope of a cold region reservoir. The structure comprises a foundation embedded in a side slope, the sand gravel cushion layer, the composite waterproof and drainage plate and the Reynolds protection pad are sequentially laid on the slope surface of the side slope from the foundation to the set height of the side slope from inside to outside. The slope protection structure further comprises one-way drainage pipes, the one-way drainage pipes comprise the bottom one-way drainage pipe and the top one-way drainage pipe, the water inlet section of the bottom one-way drainage pipe penetrates through the foundation andextends into the slope, and the water inlet section of the top one-way drainage pipe sequentially penetrates through the Reynolds protection pad, the composite waterproof and drainage plate and the sand gravel cushion layer and extends into the slope. The slope protection structure is simple in structure, economical, reasonable, reliable in function, rapid in construction, long in service life and capable of effectively preventing scouring damage and seepage damage of the reservoir bank slope, greatly weakening freeze-thaw damage of the slope and guaranteeing long-term stability of the reservoir bank slope.