The utility model relates to an abrasion-resistant foaming type layered composite elastic cushion block, which aims to effectively improve the heat preservation and heat insulation effects and the abrasion resistance of the elastic cushion block and prolong the service life of the elastic cushion block. Wherein the five-layer structure is formed by sequentially bonding polyurethane adhesives fromtop to bottom; wherein the middle cushion layer is made of a microcellular foaming material, is arranged between a steel rail and a concrete sleeper and is of a cuboid structure; wherein the lower heat preservation and insulation layer and the upper heat preservation and insulation layer are attached to the middle cushion layer and used for clamping the middle cushion layer to achieve heat preservation and insulation of the middle cushion layer, the upper abrasion-resistant layer (103) is attached to the upper portion of the upper heat preservation and insulation layer, and the lower abrasion-resistant layer is attached to the bottom of the lower heat preservation and insulation layer. The upper abrasion-resistant layer, the upper heat preservation and insulation layer, the middle cushionlayer, the lower heat preservation and insulation layer and the lower abrasion-resistant layer are the same in structure.