The utility model discloses a cable type hydraulic jar with an anti-rotation structure, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum logging. The device comprises an upper joint assembly, a balanceacceleration assembly, a jarring assembly and a lower joint assembly, and anti-rotation structures are arranged in the balance acceleration assembly and the jarring assembly. After the instrument string is stuck, the cable is pulled upwards, the energy storage elastic piece in the accelerating cylinder shell stores energy, when an unlocking force value is achieved, the jarring assembly generatesan upward jarring effect, the stuck position can be loosened through jarring, and finally the instrument string is taken out of a shaft. In the working process, the anti-rotation structure is used forpreventing the mandrel and the shell from generating relative rotation, so that a through wire in the instrument is not twisted off or damaged. The device is reasonable in structural design and easyto operate, and the cost caused by instrument damage, salvage and the like is reduced while the efficiency is improved.