The utility model relates to a gas collection backflow system for coal charging, coke discharging and dust removal, which comprises a gas collection pipe, a dust collection pipe, a gas storage tank and a dust removal device, the gas collection pipe is respectively communicated with coke side furnace tops of carbonization chambers through a plurality of ascending pipes, and the dust collection pipeis respectively communicated with machine side furnace tops of the carbonization chambers through a plurality of gas guide pipes; one ends of the gas collecting pipe and the dust collecting pipe arerespectively connected with the gas storage tank I, or one ends of the gas collecting pipe and the dust collecting pipe are respectively connected with the gas storage tank I, and the other ends are respectively connected with the gas storage tank II; the air storage tank I or the air storage tank II is additionally connected with a dust removal device through a dust removal pipe; a fan I is arranged on the dust gas pipe at the upstream of the gas storage tank I or the gas storage tank II; a fan II is arranged on the dust removal pipe; and the gas collecting pipe is additionally connected withan external chemical product recovery section through a delivery pipe. According to the utility model, the pressure fluctuation of the gas collecting pipe can be reduced, and smoke dust generated bycoaling and coke discharging can be guided out of the coke oven, collected and treated in a centralized manner, so that pollution sources are effectively reduced, harmful gas emission is reduced, andgreen and energy-saving operation of coking production is realized.