The utility model provides a high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification treatment system for household garbage. The system comprises a garbage pool, a hydraulic grab bucket, a shaftless spiral dryingconveyor, a high-temperature pyrolysis gasifier, a water-gas heat exchanger, a cyclone dust collector, a multi-pipe dust collector, a primary exhaust fan, a tail gas settling chamber, an air cooler,a gas-gas heat exchanger, a pulse bag-type dust collector, a secondary exhaust fan, an activated carbon absorber, a spray neutralizing tower, a water-vapor separator and a series of equipment. The equipment selection and technological process design is reasonable, garbage feeding control is accurate, the drying effect is good, the garbage high-temperature pyrolysis gasification combustion temperature is high, the time is long, various poisonous and harmful gas such as dioxin can be effectively decomposed, high-temperature tail gas is subjected to rapid cooling treatment, and dioxin is prevented from being synthesized again; during tail gas purification treatment, various dust, water vapor and toxic and harmful substances in the tail gas are absorbed and harmlessly treated in a targeted manner, and zero-pollution emission of the tail gas can be realized.