A rechargeable aqueous electrolyte lithium-hydrogen ion battery. The electrodes of the lithium-hydrogen battery electrode are formed from materials which reversibly intercalate both lithium and hydrogen ions. These materials can be represented by the general formula LixHy(HOST), wherein HOST represents intercalation host matrices for said electrodes into which guest Li and H ions can be inserted, and x and y are the intercalation stoichiometries of lithium and hydrogen, respectively. Preferably, the intercalation host matrices of the electrodes are chosen from the group consisting of NiO2, CoO2, Mn2O4, MnO2, VO2, V2O5, TiS2, MoS2, MoO2, WO3, graphite, and electrochemical hydrogen storage metal alloy materials. Particularly useful combinations of host matrices are Mn2O4 with VO2 or an electrochemical hydrogen storage metal alloy material and NiO2 with graphite or an electrochemical hydrogen storage metal alloy material.