Disclosed are a system for transmitting data using a band AMC in a broadband wireless orthogonal frequency multiplexing access system and a method thereof. In a broadband wireless communication system, a method for allocating data bursts to a mobile subscriber station according to channel state in a broadband wireless communication system, the method including transmitting allocation information to the mobile subscriber station, the allocation information including information about a sub frequency band containing the data bursts allocated to the mobile subscriber station and information about the number of band AMC subchannels allocated to the mobile subscriber station in the sub frequency band and receiving the data bursts from the mobile subscriber station according to the allocation information.