An apparatus (1) for inertizing materials containing asbestos, whose particularity consists in that it comprises:
- a unit (2) for granulating the material introduced in the apparatus, in order to give said material a uniform particle size distribution, ensuring the thermal absorption of the material in subsequent operations,
- a preheating unit (3), which is arranged consecutively with respect to the granulation unit for the evaporation of the molecules of water contained in the material that exits from the granulation unit,
- a dehydroxylation unit (4), which is arranged consecutively with respect to the preheating unit to eliminate the hydro-hydroxyl group that is present in the crystalline structure of the asbestos contained in the material that exits from the preheating unit,
- a decomposition unit (5), which is arranged consecutively with respect to the dehydroxylation unit for the decomposition, by means of heat, of the material that exits from the dehydroxylation unit, modifying its crystalline structure into an irreversible amorphous structure,
- a reheating unit (6), which is arranged consecutively with respect to the decomposition unit in order to raise the temperature of the exhaust gases produced by combustion and suppress volatile organic substances (VOS),
- a filtration unit (7), which is arranged consecutively with respect to the reheating unit to suppress residual effluents before they are introduced in the atmosphere.