To provide a thermosetting polyimide resin composition that can provide a cured product which generates a small amount of decomposition gas even when exposed to, for example, a high-temperature environment of about 250°C, and which exhibits high heat resistance, high durability, favorable flexibility, and favorable adhesive property; a cured product produced from the thermosetting polyimide resin composition; and an adhesive produced from the thermosetting polyimide resin composition. The thermosetting polyimide resin composition containing (a) a polyimide produced through reaction between a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or a tetracarboxylic acid, and a diamine; and (b) a maleimide composition containing at least one polymaleimide compound represented by any of formulas (4-1) to (4-3).