The invention discloses an electrical heating coal material decomposition apparatus, which includes a closed kiln body (1) with a feed inlet (2) and a discharge outlet (3). An electrical heating device (4) is arranged in the kiln body (1). A propulsion and decomposition path of coal material (10) is formed between the electrical heating device (4) and the inner wall of the kiln body (1). A coal decomposition gas collecting pipe (5) which is communicated with the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material (10) is arranged on the kiln body (1). The coal decomposition gas collecting pipe (5) is connected with a gas dust-traping and liquefying device (8) which is arranged outside the kiln (1). The electrical heating device (4) transfers mass of heat produced to the pulverized coal inside the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material (10) by conduction and irradiation. The pulverized coal absorbs heat sufficiently and achieves increase in temperature. It is decomposed into fuel gas, tar gas and coal with high heat value inside the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material (10). The fuel gas and tar gas enter the gas dust-trapping and liquefying mechanism (8) through the decomposed gas collecting tube (5). The decomposed fuel gas and tar gas are collected, dust-trapped, separated and liquefied under pressure.