A catalyst for thermochemical fuel production, which is formed from a perovskite oxide and by which fuel can be produced thermochemically, and thermochemical fuel production are provided. The catalyst for thermochemical fuel production is a catalyst for thermochemical fuel production, which is used for producing the fuel from thermal energy by using a two-step thermochemical cycle of a first temperature and a second temperature that is equal to or lower than the first temperature, wherein the catalyst is formed from a perovskite oxide having a compositional formula of AXO 3±´ (provided that, 0‰¤´‰¤1). Here, A represents one or more of a rare-earth element (excluding Ce), an alkaline earth metal element, and an alkali metal element, X represents one or more of a transition metal element and a metalloid element, and O represents oxygen.