The present invention relates to a freeze-dried conjugate structure for immunochromatography, an immunoassay kit comprising the freeze-dried conjugate structure and an immunochromatographic strip, and a method for qualitatively or quantitatively analyzing an analyte in a sample using the immunoassay kit. Because a sample is subjected to immunochromatography after reacting uniformly with a freeze-dried conjugate structure separately prepared according to the present invention externally, quantitative analysis can be performed with high reproducibility and linearity depending on a concentration compared to a conventional assay method which is performed using an immunochromatographic strip comprising a conjugate pad prepared by adsorbing a conjugate. In addition, the freeze-dried conjugate structure of the present invention can be provided in a state in which it is received in a chamber additionally comprising a cap. Thus, it can be stored without contamination and is easy to carry. In addition, the freeze-dried conjugate structure can be rapidly and uniformly dissolved so that it is immediately allowed to react with a mixture of a buffer and a sample and the reaction product can be analyzed by an immunoassay kit. Thus, it is suitable for use in point-of-care testing.