The present disclosure provides a mobile back scattering imaging security inspection apparatus, comprising: a back scattering scanner (2), a detector (3), a controller (4), and a movable stage (1) configured to carry the back scattering scanner, the detector and the controller and being movable with respect to the object to be inspected; wherein the back scattering scanner is a distributed X-ray source comprising a plurality of target points (201), each of which is able to emit the ray beam individually, and wherein the back scattering scanner, the detector and the controller perform an imaging security inspection operation on the object to be inspected during moving along with the movable stage with respect to the object.